The study highlights the status of nutrients, trace metals and organic matter and their driving forces behind the nutrient dynamics ad biogeochemical variability in the Sundarban mangrove ecosystem. Global climate change and coastal urbanization have altered structure and function of mangroves which are the tropical coastal forests that regulate marine biogeochemistry, by transporting nutrients and energy along the land-ocean continuum and the linkage between man–ecosystem. The Sundarban, the World’s largest single-block mangrove in the Gangetic delta of India and Bangladesh, is highly vulnerable to increasing urbanization and climate change. Therefore, an integrated assessment of ecosystem function with nutrient biogeochemical processes and material accretion rates is required to delineate driving forces behind coastal environmental changes that helps in designing sustainable management policies to protect mangroves for future generations.